Childhood And Going Into Adult Hood - 1487 Words

Attachment is defined as affection, fondness or sympathy for someone or something. There have been different researchers and various types of research that has been done over the years to try and uncover the mystery that what happens in the first few years of your life will determine what happens in the later stages on childhood and going into adult hood. Research into the subject of insecure attachment sparked an interest in the world of psychology in 1948 with the research John Bowlby did on maternal attachment. Bowlby interviewed 44 juvenile thieves who were in a protection programme and 44 other juvenile who have not yet committed any crime to act as the control group what he did next was brought all the parents and† interviewed†¦show more content†¦In addition, although that the majority went to prove what he was testing it is not 100% true as there was 14% who were not separated and still went on to commit crime, this leads to other theory’s getting created. Another psychologist who has had major input in the subject of attachment is Spitz and Wolf (1946). Spitz and Wolf (1946) â€Å"studied 91 orphanage infants in USA and Canada (3)†, what they found amazed the world of attachment. They found that despite getting better care and maintaining adequate health many had died before their first birthday. This and Bowlby’s research lends a hand in understanding attachment and both complement each other in facts. Seen as Bowlby was researching about the critical stage in development the research that Spitz and Wolf did also proves that. This is because both of the infants were apart from a proper caregiver during this stage and this effected their later development unfortunately for a third of Spitz and wolfs participants the latter development never happened. There is an issue with both of these studies and it is in the time of which they were doing their research. In the Mid 1940’s Men were coming back from the war and at that time the women were in the roles men were previously. Therefore there was urgency to have a reason for the mothers

The Major Types and Possible Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe, debilitating disabling disease. There are more than two million Americans who suffer with schizophrenia in any given year. Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia are hallucinations, delusions, apathy, lack of emotion, disorganized thoughts, difficulty concentrating or following instructions and memory problems. There are no lab tests to diagnose schizophrenia and most times the patient is misdiagnosed with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or major depression (Daily schizophrenia news, 2013). There are several major types of schizophrenia but there are five that are more common; disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated and residual. Scientists are leaning toward prenatal difficulties as to the development of schizophrenia with genetics also playing a big part. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease with approximately one percent of the population developing schizophrenia during their lifetime. There are more than two million Americans suffering from the illness in a given year. Schizophrenia affects men and women equally, although, the disorder often appears earlier in men, than in women. Men are usually affected in their late teens or early twenties, and women in their twenties to early thirties. People with schizophrenia often suffer terrifying symptoms such as hearing internal voices, or believing that other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting toShow MoreRelatedIs Schizophrenia A Unique Mental Disorder?1335 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Health Reference Series, schizophrenia affects 1.1% of the US population and the majority of those who suffer with schizophrenia go untreated or are unaware that they even have the disorder. Approximately 2,200,000 people in the United States su ffer from schizophrenia, and they have a lifespan 20% shorter than those who do not have schizophrenia (Fentress, Moller 1). Schizophrenia is a unique mental disorder that is made up of distinctive characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and requiresRead MoreDifferent Aspects of Schizophrenia Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent Aspects of Schizophrenia The devastating mental illness of Schizophrenia is a major concern of modern medicine. Schizophrenia associates any one person with multiple problems. These problems include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior (Long 1999). The illness is a disease of the brain that is explained clinically as, disease of the mind, a simple explanation given by Nancy Andreasen (1999). It is important to understand that there are different types of this mental illnessRead More Dangerous Mind - Psychology Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pages Since Ive chosen to major in psychology, Ive chosen to do my paper on something that pertains to my major. In this case the mental disorder schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severly disabilitating disease that has stricken the lives of almost two million people in the United States alone (Keefe 20). Since this disease is so devastating the majority of people that suffer from it either live on the streets or in mental institutions. In fact, forty percent of the beds in American mental hospitalsRead MoreProblems Surrounding Schizophrenia1497 Words   |  6 PagesProblems Surrounding Schizophrenia Believe it or not, schizophrenia is a serious mental problem that has been around for much longer than most people tend to think. Most professionals are certain that schizophrenia is a disease process that takes place within the brain and that the disease is, in fact, influenced greatly by certain life experiences(Anderson 80). The one significant problem surrounding schizophrenia is that no one is absolutely positive as to what causes schizophrenia and of how itRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdealing insomnia for the past 4 months. When meeting him, he showed signs of movement disorders and thought disorders. After Complete Blood Count tests and interviews with multiple mental health professionals, Jaime was confirmed to have paranoid schizophrenia. Jaime was immediately put on antipsychotic medication, and after about 3 months of taking that medication, he started attending psychological treatment. He has been continuing with both proced ures for about a year. Today, his medication doseRead MoreThe Myth of the Nervous Breakdown Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pagesof the nerves, but of the mind. It seems psychology, over the years, has separated the term nervous breakdown into more definite categories. Today, they seem more likely to be schizophrenic episodes, manic breaks, or more closely resembling major depressive disorder. Diagnosis depends on different patients and symptoms they experience. In the movie, Shine, Australian concert pianist David Helfgott is thought to experience a nervous breakdown due to the pressures of life with an overbearingRead More Schizophrenia Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that causes severe mental disturbances which disrupt ones thoughts, speech, and behavior. According to Paul Thompson, Associate Professor of Neurology, one percent of the world’s population suffers from this disorder. There is no one specific cause of schizophrenia, because it is caused by a combination of problems during development. It is a disorder which not only affects the patient, but their family and society as well. Schizophrenia can be a debilitatingRead MoreHow Schizophrenia Affects The Lifespan1595 Words   |  7 PagesHow Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan 3 How Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan Schizophrenia is a mental illness that inhibits a person’s ability to think clearly, manage their emotions, make their own decisions, and associate with others. It is a complicated, long term illness that affects one percent of Americans. Even though Schizophrenia can occur at any age, it is more common forRead MoreSchizophrenia: Treatment and Diagnosis Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages Schizophrenia: Treatment and Diagnosis In 1809, physician John Haslam published an account of what he considered â€Å"A form of insanity†. Haslam described many symptoms that are relevant to modern day schizophrenia including delusions of grandeur and hallucinations. During the latter part of the nineteenth century, a German psychiatrist named Emil Kraepelin expanded on Haslam’s views and gave a more accurate description of schizophrenia as we know it today. Kraeplin startedRead MoreA Research On Schizophrenia And Anorexia Nervosa1269 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), post-dramatic stress disorder (PTSD), anorexia nervosa, and substance dependence. Even though the review article covers five types of mental disorders, I’m going to focus on schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. Overtime, research has shown a robust relation between the social environment and the prevalence of mental illness. In large western cities, like NYC, there is a hi gher frequency in those that have schizophrenia, increased labor

The Fallacy of Ancestry free essay sample

Glaring out the window she noticed the beautiful trees swaying from left to right. The sweet sunshine hit her face with a radiance of glee and the clouds rolled away to open the view of the sharp blue sky. Abruptly, the bell rang and signaled another day of school. The teacher stepped up to the podium and declared that today they were going to learn about the origins of man. Little Suzy braced herself for a deep discussion of God and His miraculous achievement: creation in seven days! To her shock and surprise; neither God nor creation were mentioned. â€Å"Where did we come from?† Suzy silently exclaimed. According to the current textbooks in circulation, creation seems to be an infallible conclusion. The alternative is a bang; an explosion of forces that spontaneously created everything that is seen and exists. Science is a practice completely dependent on trials, observations and consistency. However, evolution strays from the accepted structure of science and ventures to answer the age-old question, â€Å"where did man come from?† The focus of this essay will touch on the existence of life according to the Bible, the fallacy of interpreted dating systems, and the errors found in the widely accepted idea of evolution. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fallacy of Ancestry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To begin answering how life came to be, one must understand: what is truth and what is conception. According to an article â€Å"Creation: ‘Where’s the Proof?’† Ken Ham, president of Answers in Genesis—U.S., believes the argument of truth is actually a matter of interpretation. He explains that a Creationist defending his case against an Evolutionist is of no avail unless both can agree to disregard their presuppositions. Ham believes that each person has developed a mind set, centered on a particular belief. Therefore, any evidence presented will become biased instantly, due to a preconceived idea of its origins. For example, fossils can either be used to enhance Creationism or debunk it. Ham says, â€Å"Creationists and evolutionists†¦have the same evidence—the same facts,†(Ham). He goes on to say, â€Å"The difference is in the way we all interpret the facts†¦ different presuppositions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Ham) Therefore in ord er to accurately define the true idea, one must ask do the facts support this presupposition. One of the most controversial ideas regarding evolution and creationism is the belief â€Å"spontaneous generation.†This idea is a clear example of how to measure the validity of a supposed presupposition. For example, in regards to â€Å"spontaneous generation† one must first ask: â€Å"Is this logical?† many experiments from the early periods of science would have agreed with this idea. Given the accepted factual support was the evidence that maggots clearly generated from the remains of a dead animal. The next step in understanding the validity of a presupposition is to ask: â€Å"Is this scientifically sound/possible?† Every experiment conducted by modern scientists suggested that non-living matter cannot produce or give rise to living matter. According to an article â€Å"The Origin of Life,† Dr. David N. Mentom recounts the finds of Francesco Redi, an Italian physician. In 1650, he proved that the maggots supposed to rise from dead meat were actually the offspring of eggs left from flies. Therefore, by examining the theory to the facts, the presupposition of â€Å"spontaneous generation† can be proved wrong. The Bible exclaims that God, the creator, breathed life into existence. Genesis 1:1 says, â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth,†(KJV). Therefore everything seen and experienced is completely derived from this beginning. However, the Bible could be considered just a book, a fictional story of someone’s imagination if it didn’t hold any true evidence of validity. Can the Bible be trusted? The Bible has many strong ideas such as: life after death, resurrections, a triune God, and healing power. One might argue that the Bible is just too good to be true. The skepticism is highly ordinary, life is full of constants, measurements and patterns. Ideas without much concrete (by traditional standards) evidence does cause the need for consternation, however the Bible is full of accurate and correct information. The Bible is said to be the words of God. The Bible was inspired by the Holy Spirit. Basically, God wrote His book through man. Similar, to how men use pens and pencils to write their messages. In essence, man became the medium by which He would convey His heart to His creation. But is it really fact? The Bible is full of â€Å"factual† evidences that prove its validity. For instance, all throughout the Old and New Testaments the Bible consistently maintains a correct and definite genealogical record. The Bible also ventures to do the unthinkable: it predicts the future! One must strongly consider: if a book, supposedly written by God himself, can accurately predict the future, then perhaps it also can accurately depict the past. Are the origins illustrated in Genesis actually worth believing? In order to effectively present this question one must consider the options. If creation doesn’t hold the answer, then what other methods are there to believe? Some of the curre nt theories circulating around the origins of life are: â€Å"RNA World,† Clay Theory, Complexity Theory, Bacteria First Theory, Directed panspermia and of course evolution in the typical sense. The â€Å"RNA Theory† claims that the first molecule was a RNA molecule. However, according to Dr. Georgia Purdom, in her article â€Å"Origins of life: A Simple Approach?† she submits that this is clearly not possible, considering there was no DNA. She says, â€Å"†¦you couldn’t have genetic material that could copy itself unless you had chemists back then doing it for you,†(Purdom). Clearly this assumption is indeed comical; worlds cannot come from genetic strands that aren’t even able to reproduce. The Clay Theory suggests that complicated organic molecules were formed in clay crystals. The Complexity Theory relies on a â€Å"computer model for self-organization of organic molecules,† according to Dr. Purdom. The Bacteria First Theory surmises that certain bacteria can survive in extreme environments like that found on the supposed early earth, and are considered simple organisms. The complexity theory is†a computer model for self-organization of organic molecules,†(Purdom). The bacteria first theory, explains that bacteria can live in harsh environments. Therefore they could have endured the terrible conditions of early-earth as â€Å"simple organisms,†(Purdom). The directed panspermia theory suggests â€Å" first organic molecules or living organisms were brought to earth by aliens from outer space,†(Purdom). Lastly, the theory of evolution describes a random process of survival of the fittest. The process explains that every in life was mere ly the result of a lengthy process of adaptation to environmental circumstances. It strives to depict the beginnings of life based on a belief that all the diversity of life was spawned from a protozoic goo. The Bible describes a universe hand crafted by God the creator. This theory has become known as the Creation theory. According to the descriptions in Genesis, the entire world was formed in a total of six days, but more importantly it was indeed created. Many arguments have been posed to refute the claim that God made life. There is a great leap of faith to believe in God, but even a greater leap to try to explain the complexity and diversity of this world without. So, is the Bible worth believing? Consider what is harder to believe: a creator who personally stamped his signature on this world with the presence of life, or a great accident that just so happened to bring all chaos into order of unparallelled structure. The Bible speaks very clearly as to how life came into exist ence; God spoke and everything came to be. Intelligent design has actually become a pretty convincing argument as of lately. Mark Cahill in his book One heart Beat Away describes many amazing illustrations to help the average individual grasp the concept of creationism and evolution. One of his arguments consists of a watch in a box. The illustration is meant to explain the absurdity in constructing a clock with the absurdity of everything accidentally falling into place. The demonstration goes as follows: imagine all the pieces to a watch are placed in a box. Now, picture any tool necessary to put the pieces together and include them in the box. Proceed to place the lid on the box and shake thoroughly. Do this for about five minutes then check your progress. Cahill takes the illustration a step further by prompting the reader with a question: â€Å"Say you were able to shake it for five billion years; would you then have a functioning watch?†(Cahill) Quite effectively this demonstrates the complexity of completing a simple task by typical measures and a parallels it to the difficulty and absurdity of imaging an entire universe to accidentally surface. The next widely disputed area of great controversy circulates around scientific dating. The main questions presented are: â€Å"Doesnt carbon dating prove that the earth is older than the Bible describes?† First off, what is carbon dating? In Dan Lietha and Stacia Byers article â€Å"Answers for Kids† they breakdown the complex process of carbon dating into easy to grasp terms. They explain that carbon dating is a tool used by scientists to approximately determine the age of an object. According to this method scientists are able to measure the concentration of Carbon 12, the naturally occurring Carbon in an organism, and the amount of Carbon 14, â€Å"one that forms from processes acting on Nitrogen in the atmosphere,† (Lietha and Byers). Scientist measure the ratio of Carbon 12 wh ich remains in a vessel after death at a constant concentration, whereas Carbon 14 transforms or breaks down back into Nitrogen. Therefore, the scientists are able to see how long the specimen has been dead, based on how much Carbon 12: Carbon 14 is present. However, as Lietha and Byers clearly describes, there is a major error in this calculation method. For example, the article explains, â€Å"there are many factors that affect how much Carbon 14 an animal (or person or plant) has in it when it dies. This changes how long ago the animal â€Å"appears†(emphasis added) to have died,† (Lietha and Byers). Notice the article clearly uses the verb â€Å"appears,† this implies that the information has been interpreted. Therefore, it contains room for fallacy. The article goes on to say, â€Å"plants dont take in as much Carbon 14 as scientists expect,† (Lietha and Byers). Since, the accepted concentration of Carbon 14 is be higher before the death of a plant, the plant will appear to have lost more Carbon 14 then it actually had, thereby making it upper older. â€Å"Even many archaeologists dont think carbon dating is completely accurate all the time,† (Lietha and Byers).† Radiometric or Radioisotope dating measures â€Å"the amounts of certain radioactive substances,† (Lietha and Byers). Lietha and Byers concisely explain this concept. â€Å"When a volcano erupts, hot, molten rock (called lava) from deep inside the earth is released. This lava is made of various elements. Elements are the building-blocks of the universe (for example, water is made from the elements hydrogen and oxygen). Some elements (well call them A) in the lava are radioactive, which means that they change into other elements(well call these B),† (Lietha and Byers). The demonstration goes on to explain that the reason there is error in this method is because the scientists cannot decide when the process of A turning into B began. Therefore the estimated length of time is based on an implication of how the element appeared before it began the process of changing. In essence as the article so delicately points out, â€Å" We dont know what the rock was like when it formed, or what has happened to it since. We werent there,† (Lietha and Byers). Some of the most widely accepted ideas of evolution carry no real tangible support that it is rather embarrassing to believe that many have fallen prey to its ploys. For example, the idea that there are missing links is completely ridiculous. The evidence that has been presented and made into support have been proved to be false. Mark Cahill also endeavors to set a few more facts straight. He literally tackles almost every supporting element most evolutionists claim to be the gaps or transitional specimens. For instance Nebraska Man â€Å"was created from a single tooth discovered in Nebraska,†(Cahill). Piltdown man â€Å"has been revealed to be a hoax,†(Cahil l). Java Man â€Å"was constructed from widely-scattered bones,†(Cahill). Peking man â€Å"was based only on monkey-like skulls that were bashed in at the back,†(Cahill). Neanderthal man â€Å"was determined to be completely human,†(Cahill). Lucy â€Å"could not be a missing link because it has been determined that man walked upright before the time of Lucy,†(Cahill).As Mark Cahill so eloquently described above, nearly every evidential fact an evolution has used to support evolution are lies. There are no remaining pieces of data to even surmise a possible â€Å"missing link.† Mark Cahill said it best, â€Å"the missing link is still missing.† â€Å"The bigger the lie, the more people will believe it.Adolph Hitler,†(Cahill) Life is delicate creation. It was crafted by the hands that knew all secrets, constructed by the mind that understood no confusion, conceived on the heart that flourished with love. Gods very own words formed the fabric and foundation of creation. He breathed his life-giving source into the dust he formed. He gave man a reason, a purpose, a world to enjoy. Creation implies creator. Creator suggests God. God wanted a friend, a child, a companion to intimately love him, not out of nature, but out of desire. God created the universe and longed for its sweet embrace and tender voice of perseverance. Creation was created for God. He delights in his creation. â€Å"For the Lord taketh pleasure in his peoplePsalm 149:4†(KJV)

Organizational Leadership an Example of the Topic Career by

Organizational Leadership by Expert Prof Nelly | 02 Dec 2016 As we look towards the world today, we see many people running after success and dignity. According to Maslows hierarchy of need he explains that each inpidual has some need and once the bottom need is satisfied, the person tries to fulfill the upper level need. But as we talk about the higher level people they are in search of the Self esteem and Self actualization need, while the lower level people are basically in search of their physiological, Safety and Social needs. And thats how we define a job of a leader. A leader is the one who satisfy or influences a group of people working under him to achieve a specific goal. A leader is the one who can motivate people to accomplish a purpose within time boundaries and maintaining their level needs without ignoring their desires. He is the one who leads and asks everyone to follow him and tag along the rules he desires, but not only this a leader should have a complete knowledge of the goal hes planning on and a deep-rooted commitment to wards the task and should strive to achieve it no matter if his followers denies to do so. (Stephen P. Robins, pg 316) Need essay sample on "Organizational Leadership" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to Websters Dictionary, a leader is a person who exerts authoritative decisions and with the help of good, motivating examples uses his talents and plays a direct role in order to achieve a specific set of goals. It further says that leadership is that component of ones personality that causes a group of people to follow. A good, successful leader has three major attributes Dedication, Passion and Charisma. Leaders play many personality roles at a time, they are also observed as being good and evil. Some examples of great leaders are Mahatma Gandhi, Quaid-e-Azam who devoted their entire lives on a mission and accomplished their goals. Abraham Maslow: who gave the basic theory about the needs of each inpidual, working in organizations. Jerry Yang: who gave the idea of Yahoo.com There are many leaders in the world history and many more will come with time. As we take a look over the past few years, we encounter many innovations, and changes in the organizational behavior. We have seen governments changing from autocratic to democratic; these changes are due to the great leaders who came up with the concept of self-governing. (Kotler, pg 596) After featuring to what leadership is, now coming towards what influence is. Influence is when an inpiduals behavior is somewhat changed by the impact of his peers, organizations, political environment, social gatherings etc. Influence is basically catching other persons personality or getting inspired by the person. It does not always result in a positive manner. A famous quote simplifies it further A person is known by the company he keeps, this shows that an inpiduals behavior is mixture of his nature as well as his surroundings and heredity. But it depends on an inpidual that to what extend he/she believes that they need to change their attitude or behavior in order to adjust in an organization, and carry out specific tasks. It depends on the leader that up to what degree he tries to influence his followers and how lasting his influence is on his followers. (Kotler, pg591) We cannot say that leadership is another word for influence because a good leader is a person who influences others in order to get through a particular task in a most effective manner, but this influence can be good or bad. To every action theres a reaction, same is the case with influencing, but here dependent variable is the reaction which is highly dependent on the determination of responder, which could be equal or may be opposite to what the leader has expected. A leader has the right to express preferences or give examples by using models to whatever he considers is appropriate but this is not guaranteed that the outcome would be the same what he was actually waiting for. The real job of a leader is not just influencing but to tolerate every intrinsic and extrinsic influence, and maintaining a level of distance and controlling all the risks that come from the exerting sources. (Robins, pg 335) A leader should be mixture of good nature and a leading attitude, a leader should have a quality of motivating others without hurting their needs and desires, an ideal leader should be the one who can easily feel the need of their followers and shows them that he is acting in their interest, the leader should be clever, spontaneous, sharp and he should know the value of time. A person who knows how to lead a group of people, he can lead by the help of good examples and setting up great examples for others, examples of honesty, sincerity, truth, devotion etc. He should have a positive attitude which can help him to deal with thorny problems. He should be quick in decision making and should have a clear cut idea of the problem and its origination. A leader is the one who coaches other, he never says I he always says WE. A leader should set a path of guidelines for his followers so that in outlook everyone remembers his good deeds. On the contrary, a good follower is the one who accepts the orders of his leader with full devotion and respect. We have seen examples where a leader gets annoyed and use abusive words which are intolerable for a follower; in such cases a follower should challenge these flaws with a firm attitude. This can also help the leader in making his leadership behavior more accurate and effective. The followers respect and commitment plays a great deal in an organization. A good follower is a good leader in the future; it gives cohesive grounds to the person and he could implement all the ideas and strategies he experienced in his past. And it is often the most rewarded time of a leaders career. (Kotler, pg 348) Traditionally, organizations were using the theories of leadership, but know the system has moved to practicality. We now need practical, convenient examples of great leaders. We have seen many and still the world asks for more. Organizations can achieve good leaders if they arrange proper training programs for the top-level managers so that they could implement new strategies in the department. The training programs should include about the decision making process within time boundaries and effective use of recourses. Training should include; on the job and off the job training programs and a sensible use of such training in everyday assessment. Leaders should know about the different roles they play in an organization. They should have a straightforward and precise idea of what role to be implemented in what situation. If the decision is about an acquisition of a fixed-asset; the leader should know how and where is to be purchased and he should also have a keen knowledge about the budget as well. But when a decision is to taken in a war, a leader has to be quick and sharp and should order his team in a millisecond. A leader can be a liaison, resource manager, an initiator, a trouble shooter etc. As Kotler mentions that a leader is the one who copes up with change, as change is always resisted at first and is not welcomed by the employees so it is the role of a leader that how he motivates his team to accept the change because it hinders progress. Stephen P. Robbins also states that there are six important tactics that need to be implemented in order to accept the change, the tactics are: communication, education, facilitation and support, negotiation, participation, manipulation and cooptation. Man agement should arrange such training programs and workshops that can educate leaders on each of his roles and each of the six tactics he can use in order to alter his styles. (Robbins, pg 218) Leaders can mould an organization if they want. A leader has great powers and their one reaction or initiative can turn the organization. How to train an employee, what to teach them and how to evaluate is the job of a leader. To be a good leader a person needs to be a good human being because this is only way by which he would be able to understand the desires and wants of his employees. (MacGregor, pg. 112) Work Cited James M. Kouzes, Barry Z. Posner. Leadership Challenge. (July 2003) Jossey-Bass Inc. pg 95 James MacGregor Burns. Leadership (August 1978) Harper Collins, pg. 53 Jim Collins. Good to Great: Why some companies make the Leapand others dont (October 2001) Publisher: Harper Collins, pg. 80 Rudolph W. Giuliani, Ken Kurson. Leadership, (October 2002) Publisher: Miramax Books, pg. 180 Virginia P.Richmond, James C. McCroskey, LindaL. McCroskey. Organizational communication for Survival: making Work, work. (July, 2008). Allyn and Bacon, Inc. pg 200

Analysis of Whole Foods Market using Nadler

Analysis of Whole Foods Market using Nadler Introduction Whole Foods Markets has been very successful, and the previous analysis has shown that this firm has the capacity to increase its productivity if it continues with its current positive trend. According to Coulter (2009), it is possible to determine if a firm is on the right path by analyzing its current strategies and future plans. It is apparent that Whole Foods Market has a management that has mastered the market trends.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of Whole Foods Market using Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This firm has shown a strong indication that it has a capacity to meet the expectations of the market in a special way, making it one of the most preferred firms in this industry. However, for ABC company to be sure that Whole Foods Market is a firm worth investing in, it must have a detailed analysis of the firm. It must go beyond a simple analysis of the current market share and productivity of the firm. This is because there are cases where a firm may exaggerate its capacity in order to attract investors. In other cases, management would create a scenario where investors would believe that the firm has a large market share while in real sense that may not be true. For this reason, it is always important to have a surety of the real capacity of the firm by using all possible tools. In this study, the researcher will continue analyzing Whole Foods Market using Nadler- Tushman Congruence Model. This tool will help in analyzing the output of this firm in the market and the congruence of different performance elements. Performance of Whole Foods Market at the Organizational Level According to Richardson (2006), when analyzing the performance of an organization, care should always be taken to determine some of the factors that are indicators of performance. For instance, an analysis of performance can be conducted to determine th e output of a firm. The output can help determine the performance of an organization. It is also possible to determine the profitability of the firm without putting emphasis on productivity. Others may also want to determine this performance by analyzing the productivity of factors of production. In this case, the analysis will be done on the output of the organization. Whole Foods Market is one of the leading grocery outlets and has positioned itself as a provider of healthy foods. The main goal of this firm has been to provide its customers with food considered healthy at reasonable prices and to increase its market share in this niche in the United States and Europe. The management of this firm realized that with the emergent of many diseases associated with unhealthy eating, the middle and upper class members of the society are becoming conscious of what they eat.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These two groups, which make the main market share of this firm, have been looking for foods considered as healthy. This is what this firm has set to deliver in the market. Considering the productivity of this firm, it is true that there is high congruence between the output of this firm and the set goals. According to Anderson (2012), Whole Foods Market is one of the supermarkets that are trusted in the United States to offer foodstuffs that are recommended by doctors for their health benefits. For instance, some of the leading supermarkets in the United States have been stocking genetically modified foods despite the controversy that surrounds such foods. Whole Foods Market has jeopardized its profitability by avoiding such foods in its stores in most of the states in this country. For the states that have supported such foods, this supermarket has been keen to label its products in order to make its consumers aware of what it is providing. This has helped the firm develop a strong trust with the customers. It is an assurance that this firm cannot sell products considered harmful to its customers. The congruency between the output and the goal of the firm can be attributed to the achieved congruency of its culture and structure. The management has created a culture where foods considered as unhealthy are shunned from the stores of this firm. It has made everyone to believe that stocking unhealthy foods is an equivalent to direct attack on their highly valued customers. This culture emphasizes on the long lasting relationship between the firm and its customers. Selling to them food that may put them at risk would be like sending them away from the firm. This culture is highly congruent with the structure within the firm. The shelves at this firm do not stock food considered unhealthy as they have been struck off from the list of inventories. The management has also set up a system where all the stocks are tested to det ermine if they are in the right condition for consumption. This has earned this firm a great admiration in the market because customers have come to believe that Whole Foods Market is not just focused on profit generation, but also on the well-being of its customers. Performance of Whole Foods Market at Group Level An analysis of Whole Foods Market can be done from a number of fronts. According to Nadler (1977), there are different groups that exist in an organization, and care should always be taken when selecting the groups. This scholar says that within an organization, the groups can be selected based on the managerial level. In this case, there will be three groups which include the top management, middle management and the junior employees.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of Whole Foods Market using Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whole Foods Market has a clear st ructure of leadership which can be analyzed. Another approach can be on the basis of the departments within the organization. In this case, the departments can be finance, marketing, procurement and logistics, production, research and extension among other departments. For a firm with global coverage, the groups can be considered as the regions in which the firm operates. In the case of Whole Foods Market, this can be the United States and European markets. In this case, the groups will be taken as the managerial units. As was mentioned earlier, this will give three groups, which are the top management, middle management and junior employees. It is important to analyze the output of these three groups and determine how congruent they are with the organizational goals. The top management of this firm is responsible for making policies that help in running the organization. Besides making these policies, they have the responsibility to ensure that these policies are applied successful ly within the firm in order to yield the desired result. The top management therefore, has the responsibility of making the middle managers understand these policies in order to make their implementation a reality. The output of the top management can be considered to be highly congruent with the goals of the firm. This is because it has managed to develop policies that would ensure that Whole Foods Market continue to deliver quality healthy products in the market without overemphasizing on instant profitability. This output is demonstrated in the continuous delivery of healthy food by this firm in a market where other firms are focused on quick profitability. The second group of middle managers has also managed to give an output that is congruent with the goals of the firm. According to Nadler (1977), the middle managers are always very important in the implementation of policies. They are responsible for making non management employees implement policies that are formulated by the top management. Their output has been congruent to the goals of this firm to the extent that this group has been able to influence actions of the junior employees towards achieving the objectives of the firm. The middle managers have worked closely with the top managers and junior employees to ensure that there is smooth information flow from top managers to the employees and from employees to the top management.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third group has been the junior employees. These are the ambassador of Whole Foods Market. When a customer visits an outlet of this firm, it is the junior employees who will serve them. The customers and junior employees are always in constant contact and the impression given by these employees would be taken as a reflection of the entire firm. This group’s output has been marvelous. Junior employees have been working closely to ensure that they meet the set objectives of the firm. They know that the firm is focused on delivering healthy food to the customers. To achieve this, the employees have been keen on inspecting the shelves to ensure that products stocked are in good shape. They have also been very active in various other assignments which have helped this firm attain a positive image in the market. Performance of Whole Foods Market at Individual Level The output at individual level within this firm has been congruent with the goals of this firm. The firm has emplo yed performance contract at individual level in order to determine the output of the employees. The performance contract has been developed in line with the goals of this firm. This means that every individual within this firm must appreciate the need to achieve a particular goal in order to help the firm achieve its overall goal. From the top management to the junior most employees, there is a clear task that is assigned to them, and an output set that should be realized after a given period. The performance is always determined at the end of the financial year. This has helped improve the overall performance of this firm because every individual works hard to achieve the set goals. By developing specific output for every employee, it has become possible for this firm to align the objectives of individual employees to that of the entire organization. Achieving this congruency between goals of individual employees and that of the firm has helped Whole Foods Market meet its objective s in the market with a lot of ease. References Anderson, D. L. (2012). Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Coulter, M. (2009). Strategic Management in Action. New York: Pearson Higher Education. Nadler, D. (1977). A congruence model for diagnosing organizational behavior. New York: Columbia University, Graduate School of Business. Richardson, M. E. (2006). Organizational diagnosis: Using the congruence model as the theoretical framework in a complex organization. New York: Wiley Sons.

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